Pengaruh Pemberian Biochar Sekam Padi dan Molybdenum Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kedelai (GlycineMax. L.Merill) Pada Ultisol

Yogi Tri Juniawan, Mapegau Mapegau, Lizawati Lizawati

Abstract


Soybeans are a very important food crop commodity because they are the main source of vegetable protein. In jambi province, the ultisol soil type is dominated. Ultisols has the potential to be used as agricultural land. Improving proper soil conditions such as ultisols can be done by adding natural ingridients such as biuochar. Molybdenum plays a role in activating  the nitrogenase enzyme to form root nodules in legume plants. The aim of thisn research to concentrate on the impact of biochar and Mo components on the devolment and yield of soybean plant in ultisols. This research was carried out at the Teaching and research farm, faculty of agriculture, jambi university for approximately 4 month starting fromseptember to december 2022. This research used a randomized block design (RAK) with a factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors, namely rice husk biochar and Molybdenum. Factor I biochar ( B) which consists of three dose levels, namely without biochar as a control (b0), biochar 6  (b1), biochar 12  (b2), Factor II Molybdenum consists of three dose levels, namely without molybdenum as a control (m0), 75   (m1), and 150 (m2). Thus three are 9 treatment combinationts. Each treatment was repeated 3 times that there were 27 exxperiental plots. The variables observed were plant height, leaf area, total dry weight, number of roor nodules, number of branches, number of pods, weight of 100 dry seeds, number of seeds per plant. To detemine the effect of treatment, statistical analisys was carried out using ANOVA, if the treatment shows a real difference to the observed variables, it is continued with the DMRT at the α = 5% levels. The results of the research show that each treatment has a single factor effect on the observed variables. In this study, there was no interraction between rich husk biochar and molybdenum on all the variables observed, but asw a single factor, rice husk biochar influenced the height and leaf area variables. Meanwhile, molybdenum effects leafarea, total dry weight, number of root nodules, number of pods, and weight poer plant. The rice husk biochar provided in this tusdy was not able to increase the Mo element in the soil, as well as nitrate reductas activity.

Keywords


Rice Husk Biochar, Molybdenum, Ultisols, Soybean

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adisarwanto T. 2008. Budidaya Kedelai Tropika. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta. 76 halaman.

Armiadi. 2009.peranan unsur hara molibdenum dalam penambatan nitrogen. Wartazoa 19(3) : 150-155.

Backwell, P., E. Krull, G. Butter, A. Herbert, and Z.Solaiman. 2010. Effect os Banded Biochar onDryland Wheat Production and Fertilizer Use inSouth-Western Australia: an Agronomic andEconomic Perspective. Australian Journal of SoilResearch 48:531-545.

Balai penelitian aneka kacang dan umbi. 2016. Deskripsi varietas unggul kedelai 1918-2016. Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian.

Bhattachaqya R., S.Kundu,V. Prakash dan H.S.Gupta. 2008. Sustainability Under Combined Application of Mineral and Organic Fertilizers in a Rainfed Soybean-Weat System of the Indian Himalayas. Eurp. J. Agron. 28:33-46.

Bittner F. 2014. Molybdenum Metabolism in Plants and Crosstalk to Iron. Jurnal Plant Nutrition 5 (28) : 1-6.

Brkic S., Z. Milakovic, A. Kristek, dan M. Antunovic. 2004. Pea Yield and its Quality Depending Oninoculation, Nitrogen and Molybdenum Fertilization. Jurnal Plant Soil Environ 50(1): 39–45.

Dieni, S. Annisa, R. R. Lahay, dan N. Rahmawati. 2017. Respon Pertumbuhan danProduksi Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merril) Terhadap Pemberian Biochar Sekam Padi dan Pupuk Fosfat. Jurnal Agroteknologi 5(3): 722-728.

Edi S., dan E. Salvia. 2009. Kajian Paket Teknologi Budidaya Jagung Padalahan Kering di Provinsi Jambi. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Serealia.

Gani A. 2009. Arang hayati Biochar Sebagai Komponen Perbaikan Produktivitas Lahan. Jurnal Tanaman Pangan. 4(1):33-48.

Gani A. 2010. Multiguna Arang - Hayati Biochar. Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi. Sinar Tani. Edisi 13-19: 1-4.

Gardner F.P., R.B. Pearce,dan R.L. Mitchell. 1991. Fisiologi Tanaman Budidaya. Physiology of Crop Plants. Universitas Indonesia Press. Jakarta. 425 Halaman.

Glaser, B., J. Lehmann, and W. Zech. 2002. Amelioratingphysical and chemical properties of highlyweathered soils in the tropics with charcoal: Areview. Biol. Fertil. Soils 35:219-230.

Gustia H. 2013. Pengaruh Penambahan Sekam Bakar Pada Media Tanam Terhadappetumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Sawi (Brassica juncea L.). Jurnal WIDYA kesehatan dan lingkungan 1(1) : 12-17.

Hakim N., M.Y. Nyakpa, A.M. Lubis, S.G. Nugroho, M.R. Saul, M.A. Diha, G. B. Hong dan H.H. Bailey. 1986. Dasar-dasar Ilmu Tanah. Universitas Lampung. 488 halaman.

Hardjoloekito, A.J.H. 2009. Pengaruh pengapuran dan pemupukan P terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai (Glycine max L.) pada tanah latosol. Jurnal Media Soerjo, 5(2):1-19.

Hartati R.D., Suryaman M., dan A. Saepudin. 2023. Pengaruh Pemberian Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat Pada Berbagai pH Tanah Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr). Journal of Agrotechnology and Crop Science 1(1) : 26-34.

Hartatik, Wiwik, H. Wibowo, danJ. Purwani. 2015. Aplikasi Biochar dan Tithoganic dalam Peningkatan Produktivitas Kedelai (Glycine max L.) pada Typic Kanhapludults di Lampung Timur. Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim 39(1) : 51–62.

Jeffery, S., F.G.A Verheijen, M. van der Velde, dan A.C. Bastos. 2011. A Quantitative Review of the Effects ofBiochar Application to Soil on Crop Productivity UsingMeta-analysis,AgricultureEcosystems&Environment, 144(1):175-187.

Jumin, dan R. Hayati.2010. Kajian Biokomplek Trico-G dan Inokulasi Rhizobium pada Hasil Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merrill). Jurnal Floratek. 5(1): 23-30.

Junita, F., S. Muhartini dan D. Kastono.2002. Pengaruh Frekuensi Penyiraman dan Takaran Pupuk Kandang terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Pakchoi. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian9 (1) : 37-45.

Kammann C.I., S.Linsel,J.W. Gobling, dan H.W.Koyro 2011. Influence of Biochar on Drought Tolerance of Chenopodium Quinoa Willd and on Soil – Plant Relations. Jurnal Plant Soil. 345 : 195- 210.

Kardinahl S., C. L. Schmidt, T. Hansen, S. Anemuler, A. Petersen, dan G. Schafer. 1999. The Strict Molybdate-Dependence of Dlucose Degradation by the Thermoacidophile Sufolobus Acidocaldarius Reveals teh First Crenarchaoetic Molybdenum Containing Enzyme-an Aldehyde Oxidoreductase. Jurnal Biochem 1 (260) : 540-548.

Luo L., dan D. Lu. 2014. Immunosuppression During Rhizobium-Legume Symbiosis. Jurnal Plant signaling and behavior 9 (3) : 1-3.

Man L. H. dan N. N. Ha. 2006. Effect of decomposed rice straw at different times on rice yield. Omonrice. 14(1): 58-63.

Mulyani A, Sukarman, dan A.Hidayat. 2009. Prospek Perluasan Areal Tanam Kedelai di Indonesia. J. Sumber daya lahan 3(1) : 27-38.

Nizhizawa T, Shishido Y, Murakami H. 2009. Effect of temporary changes in light intensity on carbon transport, partitioning, and respiratory loss in young tomato seedlings raised under different light intensities. Physiol. Plantarum. 136 : 351-357.

Ogawa, M. 1994. Symbiosis of people and nature in tropics.Farming Japan 28(5):10-34.

Pane M. A., , M.M.B. Damanik., dan B. Sitorus. 2014. Pemberian Bahan Organik Kompos Jerami Padi dan Abu Sekam Padi dalam Memperbaiki Sifat Kimian Tanah Ultisol Serta Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung. Jurnal Online Agroekoteknologi . 2(4) : 1426- 1432.

Pradoto R.W., H.T Sabayang, dan T. Sumarni. 2017. Pengaruh Sistem Olah Tanah dan Mulsa Organik Pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max L.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman 5(1) :116-124.

Prasetyo. 2004. Budidaya kapulaga sebagai tanaman sela pada tegakan sengon. Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu pertanian 6(1) : 22-33.

Purwaningsih S. 2020. Pengaruh inokulasi rhizobium terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kedelai (Glycine max L.) varietas wilis di rumah kaca. Jurnal Berita Biologi 14(1) : 69-76.

Putri V.I., Mukhlis, dan B. Hidayat. 2017. Beberapa Pemberian Jenis Biochar Untuk Memperbaiki Sifat Kima Tanah Ultisol Dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi 5 (4) : 824-828.

Quaggio J.A., P.B. Gallo,dan C. Owino-geroh. 2004.Peanut Response to Lime and Molybdenum Applicationin Low pH Soils. R. Bras. Ct. Solo 28: 659 – 664.

Roesmarkam A., dan N.W. Yuwono. 2002. Ilmu Kesuburan Tanah. Kanisius Yogyakarta. 224 Halaman.

Rondon M.A., J. Lehmann, J. Ramírez, dan M. Hurtado. 2007. Biological Nitrogen Fixation by Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Increases With Biochar Additions. Jurnal Biol. Fertil. Soils. 43:699–708.

Sampurno H. M., Y. Hasanah dan A. Barus. 2016. Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kedelai (Glycine Max (L.) Merril) terhadap Pemberian Biochar dan Pupuk Organik Cair. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi 4(3):2158- 2166.

Sarawa, A.A. anas., dan asrida. 2014. Pola Distribusi Fotosintat Pada Fase Vegetatif Beberapa Varietas Kedelai Pada Tanah Masam di Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi 4(1) : 26-31.

Sarawa, dan A.R. Baco. 2014. Partisi Fotosintat Beberapa Kultivar Kedelai (Glicine max. (L.) Merr.) Pada Ultisol. Jurnal agroteknos 4(3) : 152-159.

Sari R., dan R. Prayudyaningsih. 2015 Rhizobium: Pemanfaatannya Sebagai Bakteri Penambat Nitrogen. Jurnal Buletin Eboni 12(1) : 51-64.

Satriawan B. D and E. Handayanto. 2015. Effects of Biochar and Crop Residues Application on Chemical Properties of aDegraded Soil of South Malang, and P Uptake by Maize. Journal of Degraded Andmining Lands 2 (2) : 271–281.

Setiawan B., Gafur S., dan T. Abdurrahman. 2019. Aplikasi Biochar Sekam Padi dan Tepung Cangkang Kerang Untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Tanaman Kedelai Pada Tanah Sulfat Masam. AGROVIGOR 12 (2): 70 – 76.

Sirait E.E., Nelvia, dan H. Fauzana. 2020.Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max L.)Terhadap Pemberian Vermikompos Dan Biochar diTanah Ultisol. Jurnal Solum. 17(2). 29-41.

Sirenden R.S., M. Anwar, dan Z. Damanik. 2016. Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max L.) Yang Diberi Pupuk Nitrogen dan Molibdenum Pada Tanah Pedsolik Merah Kuning. Jurnal Agrium 13(2) : 69-74.

Siczek A., dan J. Lipiec. 2011. Soybean Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Response to Soil Surface Straw Mulching. Journal Soil & Tillage Res 114:50–56.

Sudjana B. 2014. Pengaruh Biochar Dan Npk Majemuk Terhadap Biomas Dan Serapan Nitrogen Di Daun Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays) Pada Tanah Typic Dystrudepts. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian dan Perikanan 3(1) : 63-66.

Sun Q., Y.Liu, , H.Liu, R. K. dan Dumroese. 2020. Interaction of Biochar Type and Rhizobia Inoculation Increases the Growth and Biological Nitrogen Fixation of Robinia pseudoacacia Seedlings. Jurnal Forests 11(6) :700-711.

Susilo D.E.H. 2015. Identifikasi nilai konstanta bentuk daun untuk pengukuran luas daun metode panjang kali lebar pada tanaman hortikultura di tanah gambut. Jurnal Anterior 14(2) : 139-146.

Syahputra E., Fauzi, dan Razali. 2015. Karakteristik Sifat Kimia Sub Grub Tanah Ultisol Di Beberapa Wilayah Sumatra Utara. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi 4(1) : 1796-1803.

Taufiq A., dan T. Sundari. 2012. Respon Tanaman Kedelai Terhadap Lingkungan Tumbuh. J. Buletin Palawija 23 : 13-26.

Thiel T., B. Pratte, dan M. Zahalak. 2002. Transport of Molybdate in the Cyanobacterium Anabaena Variabilis ATCC 29413. Arch. Microbiol. 179: 50 – 56.

Tim Balai Penelitian Tanah. 2018. Rekomendasi Pemupukan Tanaman Kedelai Pada Berbagai Tipe Penggunaan Lahan. Bogor. balittanah.litbang.pertanian.go.id. diakses pada tanggal 28 Desember 2021.

Titik S, dan G.W.A. Susanto. 2015. Pertumbuhan dan hasil biji genotipe kedelai di berbagai intensitas naungan. Jurnal penelitian pertanian tanaman pangan 34(3) : 203-218.

Thoyyibah S., Sumadi, dan N. Anne. 2014. Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Fosfat Terhadap Pertumbuhan, Komponen Hasil, dan Kualitas Benih Dua Varietas Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Pada Inceptisol Jatinangor. Jurnal Agric. Sci. I (4) : 111 - 121.

Tripama B., dan P.D. Pangesti. 2015. Aplikasi Pemupukan Nitrogen Dan Mylobdenum Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Buncis Blue Lake (Phaseulus vulgaris) di Tanah Entisol. J. Ilmu-ilmu pertanian 2 (1): 12-17.

Vitousek P.M., K. Cassman, C. Cleveland, T. Crews, C.B. Field, N.B. Grimm, R.W. Howarth, R. Marino, L. Martinelli, E.B. Rastetter,dan J.I. Sprent. 2002. Towards an Ecological Understanding of Biological Nitrogen Fixation. Biogeochem. 57(58): 1 – 45.

Wani S.P., O.P. Rupela,dan K.K. Lee. 1995. Sustainable Agriculture in the Semi-Arid Tropics Through Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Grains Legumes. Jurnal Plant and Soil 174: 29 – 49.

Widawati, S., Suliasih, S., & Saefudin, S. 2015. Isolasi dan uji efektivitas Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria di lahan marginal pada pertumbuhan tanaman kedelai (Glycine max L. Merr.) var. Wilis. JurnalBiodiversitas Indonesia1 (1) : 59-65.

Zahran H.H. 1999. Rhizobium-legume Symbiosis and Nitrogen Fixation Under Severe Conditions and in an Arid Climate. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 63(4): 968 – 989.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jagro.v8i2.197

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Media Pertanian Published by Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Batanghari
Adress: Fakultas Pertanian, Jl.Slamet Ryadi, Broni-Jambi, Kec.Telanaipura, Kodepos: 36122, email: jagropubr@gmail.com, Phone: 0741-60103

Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.