Pengaruh Biochar Sekam Padi dan Pupuk Kandang Kotoran Ayam Terhadap Kesuburan Ultisol dan Hasil Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogea L.)
Abstract
Peanuts are a legume commodity that ranks second after soybeans and have the potential to be a strategic commodity because demand is quite large every year, both for food, feed and industry. Ultisol soil is soil that is less fertile and unproductive for most plants. Organic matter can improve soil conditions and provide nutrients for plants. Biochar is a soil amendment material made from various crop residues that has potential and has a high C/N ratio or is difficult to decompose. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of rice husk biochar combined with chicken manure on improving the fertility of Ultisol, on peanut yield. , and determine the best dose of rice husk biochar combined with chicken manure for peanut yield on Ultisol soil. The research was carried out at the experimental field of the Agricultural Training Center Jl. Jambi – Palembang, KM 16 Pondok Meja Village, Mestong District, Muaro Jambi Regency, from May to August 2022. Research using
Randomized Block Design (RAK), with 9 treatments, namely chicken manure (P0B0 = Without biochar and chicken manure, P1B0 = 10 tons ha-1 chicken manure, P2B0 = 15 tons ha-1 chicken manure manure, P0B1 = 5 ton ha-1 biochar, P0B2 = 10 tons ha-1 biochar, P1B1 = 10 tons ha-1 chicken manure + 5 tons ha-1 biochar, P1B2 = 10 tons ha-1 chicken manure + 10 tons ha- 1 biochar, P2B1 = 15 tons ha-1 chicken manure + 5 tons ha-1 biochar, P2B2 = 15 tons ha-1 chicken manure + 10 tons ha-1 biochar) and 3 groups as replications, so that in the research There are 27 experimental plots. The observation variables in this research were plant height, number of leaves per plant, flowering age, number of pods per plant, pod weight per plant, dry pod weight per plot, weight of 100 seeds, plant yield per hectare, and plant P and K nutrient uptake. To determine the effect of treatment, a 5% level of analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out. The results of the research show that the application of rice husk biochar combined with chicken manure affects the fertility of ultisol, namely by increasing the soil pH to close to neutral, the elements of total N, total P, total K and available P so that it influences the variables of plant height, number of leaves, number of pods per plants, plant P and K uptake, dry weight of pods per plant, dry weight of pods per plot, weight of 100 seeds, and plant yield per hectare.
Keywords: Peanuts, Ultisol, Biochar, Chicken Manure.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdurachman, A., A. Dariah and A. Mulyani. 2008. Dryland management strategies and technologies to support national food procurement. Agricultural Research and Development 27: 43-49.
Adisarwanto, T. (2000). Increasing Groundnut Production in Rice Fields and Drylands. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta.
Akande, M.O., Makinde. E.A., Oluwatoyinbo. F.I., and Adetunji. M.T. 2010.Effect of Phosphate Rock Application on Dry Matter Yield and Phosphorus Recovery of Maize and Cowpea Grown in Sequence. Afrikan Journal of Environmental Sciense and Technology. 4 (5) : 293- 303.
Amijaya, M., Dunga, Y.P., and Thaha, A.R. (2015). Effect of cow manure on phosphorus uptake and yield of shallot (Allium ascalonicun L.) varieties of Palu Valley in Entisol Sidera. e-J Agrotekbis. 2(3): 187-197.
Antal, M. J. &Gronli, M. 2003. The Art, Science, and Technology of Charcoal Production. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 42, 1619-1640.
National Land Agency of Jambi Province. 2011. Table of Area and Type of Land in Jambi Province. In Agricultural Data of Food Crops and Horticulture, Office of Food Crop Agriculture. Jambi
BPS Jambi, 2018. Harvested Area, Production, and Productivity of Peanut by Regency/City 2018. https://jambi.bps.go.id/indicator/53/1445/1/luas-panen-produksi-dan-produktivitas-kacang-tanah-menurut-kabupaten-kota.html.
Research Center for Various Beans and Tuber. 2016. Description of superior varieties of various beans and tubers. Research Center for Various Beans and Tuber Crops, East Java.
Budiastuti, M.S. (2000). The Use of Triacontanol and Planting Distance in Green Beans (Phaseolus radiatus L.). Journal of Agrosains 2(2): 59-63.
Burhanuddin and Nurmansyah. 2010. Effect of Manure and Lime on the Growth and Production of Patchouli in Podzolic Red Yellow Soil. Bul. Littro.
Chen, B., Zhou, D. & Zhu, L. 2008. Transitional Adsorption and Partition of Nonpolar and Polar Aromatic Contaminants by Biochars of Pine Needles with Different Pyrolytic Temperatures. Environmental Science & Technology, 42, 5137-5143.
De Luca, T. H., M. D. Mac Kenzie and M. J. Gundale. 2009. Biochar Effects on Soil Nutrient Transformation. In Lehmann, J and S. Joseph, editors. Biochar for Enviromental Management: Science and Technology. Sterling, Va Earthscan, pp. 251 - 265.
Dharmadewi, A.A.I.M. 2020. Analysis of chlorophyll content in several types of green vegetables as an alternative food supplement base material. Journal of Emasains: Journal of Mathematics and Science Education Volume IX Number 2
Dang, T., P. Marschner, R. Fitzpatrick and L. M. Mosley. 2018. Assessment of the binding of protons, Al and Fe to biochar at different pH values and soluble metal concentrations. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 10: 1-9.
Ermadani, A. Muzar and I. A. Mahbub. 2011. Effect of oil palm empty fruit bunch compost residue on some ultisol chemical properties and soybean yield. Jambi University Research Science Series 13: 11-18.
Fahreza, A. Olive and A. Marliah. 2018. Effect of biochar and manure application on root length and number of root nodules of groundnut (Archis hypogeae L.) plants. JIM Agriculture Unsyiah. 3(3): 39-45.
Fikdalillah, Basir, M. and Wahyudi, I. 2016. Effect of cow manure on phosphorus uptake and yield of chicory (Brassica pekinensis) on Entisol Sidera. e-J Agrotekbis. 4(5): 491-499.
Gani A. 2009. Potential of Biochar as a soil forming material. Journal of Food Crop Science and Technology 4(1): 33-44.
Glauser, R., Doner, H. E., and Paul, E. A. 2002. Soils aggregate stability as a function of particle size of sludge treated soils. Journal Soil Science. 146(1): 37-43.
Goenadi, D.H., and L.P., Santi. 2017. Controversy of Biochar Application and Quality Standard. Journal of Land Resources Vol. 11 No. 1, July 2017; 23-32.
Graber, E. R., Tsechansky, L., Khanukov, J. & Oka, Y. 2011. Sorption, Volatilization, and Efficacy of the Fumigant 1,3-Dichloropropene in a Biochar-Amended Soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 75, 1365
Guo, Y., Yang, S., Yu, K., Zhao, J., Wang, Z. & Xu, H. 2002. The preparation and mechanism studies of rice husk based porous carbon. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 74, 320-323.
Guo, S., J. K. Whalen, B. W. Thomas and V. Sachdeva. 2015. Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Responses in Biochar- amended soils: Mechanisms and Future Directions. J. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (206): 46-59
Haefele, Y. Koonboon, W. Wongboon, S. Amarante and A.A. Maarifat. 2011. Effect and fate of biochar from rice residues in rice-based systems. Field Crop Res. (121), 430-440.
Haridi, M. and R. Zulhidiani. 2009. Yield components and K content of four peanut cultivars at four levels of K fertilization in explosive fields. Journal of Agroscientiae 2(16): 99-106.
Hartatik, W., Suriadikarta, D.A., Prihati, T. 2002. Soil Organic Matter Management Technology. Soil and Agroclimate Research and Development Center.
Hartatik, W., H. Wibowo and J. Purwani. 2015. Application of biochar and tithoganic in increasing soybean (Glycine max L.) productivity on typic kanhapludults in East Lampung. Journal of Soil and Climate 39: 51-62.
Hammes, K and M. W. I. Schmidt. 2009. Changes of Biochar in Soil. In Lehmann, J and S. Joseph, editors. Biochar for Enviromental Management: Science and Technology. Sterling, Va Earthscan, pp. 169-181.
Handayani, S and Karnilawati. 2018. Characterization and classification of ultisol soils in Indrajaya District, Pidie Regency. Scientific Journal of Agriculture Vol. 14 No.2.
Herawati, N., Sudarto and B. T. R. Erawati. 2014. Study of Planting Distance Variations on Groundnut Productivity in Drylands. Proceedings of Research Seminar on Various Beans and Tuber Crops 2014: 679-686.
Hulopi F. 2006. Effect of the Use of Manure and NPK on the Growth and Yield of Peanut Plants. Journal of Buana Sains 6(2): 165-170.
Hussain. M, Farooq.M, Nawaz. A, Al-Sadi. M.A, Solaiman.M.Z, Alghamdi.S.S, Ammara.U, Ok.S.Y, Siddique.M.H.Y. 2015. Biochar for crop production: potential benefits and risks. J Soils Sediments. Springer.
Islami, T., Bambang, G., Nur, B., and Agus, S. 2011. Biochar For Sustaining Productivity Of Cassava Based Cropping System In The Degraded Lands Of East Java Indonesia. Journal of tropical Agriculture, 49 (1-2): 40-6.
Jamilah and Safridar, N. 2012. Effect of urea dose, activated charcoal, and zeolite on the growth and yield of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.). Agrista Journal. 16 (3) : 153-162.
Karo, A. K., Lubis, A., Fauzi. 2017. Changes in some chemical properties of ultisol soil due to the application of some organic fertilizers and incubation time. Journal of Agroecotechnology. 5(2): 277-283.
Kartasapoetra, A. G. and Sutedjo. 2005. Fertilizers and How to Fertilize. Rineka Cipta: Jakarta.
Kusnayadi H., Oklima A.M., and Sulastri. 2022. Effectiveness of Rice Husk Biochar and Silicate Rock Liquid Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Green Beans (Vigna Radiatal) in Dry Land of Baru Tahan Village, North Moyo District. Journal of Agrotechnology 2(2): 27-39.
Laird, D. A., Fleming, P., Davis, D. D., Horton, R., Wang, B. &Karlen, D. L. 2010. Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midwestern agricultural soil. Geoderma, 158, 443-449.
Lehmann and Joseph, 2009. Biochar for Environmental Management. Earthscan in the UK and USA.
Lestari, S. A. D. and A. Harsono. 2017. Effect of soil conditioners and rhizobium inoculants on soybean yield on Ultisol soil. Palawija Bulletin 15: 8-14.
Lilik, T I. 2014. Chicken Manure Composts As Nitrogen Sources And Their Effect On The Growth And Quality Of Komatsuna (Brassica Rapa L.) J. Issaas Vol. 20 No. 1:52-63
Lim, T. J., Spokas, K. A., Feyereisen, G. & Novak, J. M. 2016. Predicting the impact of biochar additions on soil hydraulic properties. Chemosphere, 142, 136-144.
Listyarini E. and Y. Prabowo. 2020. Effect of Corn Cob Biochar Enriched with Ammonium Sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] on Soil Aggregate Stability, Some Soil Chemical Properties and Corn Plant Growth. Journal of Soil and Land Resources. Page: 101-108.
Maftu'ah, E. and D. Nursyamsi. 2015. Potential of various swamp organic materials as a source of biochar, 776-781. Proceedings of the Indonesian Biodiversity Journal Seminar.
Marlina, N., Aminah, R. I. S., Rosmiah, Setel, L. R. 2015. Application of chicken manure fertilizer on peanut plants (Arachis hypogea L.). Bioscience. 7(2): 136-141.
Martianingsih, Endriani and Zurhalena. 2020 Improvement of Ultisol Aggregation and Soybean Yield through the Application of Palm Oil Shell Biochar and Chicken Manure. Faculty of Agriculture. Jambi University. Jambi.
Marvelia, A., Darmanti, S., Sarjana, P. 2006. Sweet corn (Zea mays L. Saccharata) crop production required with vermicompost with different doses. Bulletin of Anatomy and Physiology. 16(2): 7-18.
Mateus R, Kantur Donatus, Moy LM. 2017. Utilization of Agricultural Waste Biochar as a Soil Improver for Improvement of Soil Quality and Maize Yield in Drylands. Agrotrop. 7(2):104.
Mayadewi, A. (2007). Effect of Manure Type and Planting Distance on Weed Growth and Maize Yield. Agritrop 26(4): 153-159.
Mosley, L. M., P. Willson, B. Hamilton, G. Butler and R. Seaman. 2015. The capacity of biochar made from common reeds to neutralize pH and remove dissolved metals in acid drainage. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22: 15113-15122.
Mulyani A. 2006. Potential of Acidic Drylands for Agricultural Development. Warta of Agricultural Research and Development. 28(2): 16 - 17.
Murdhiani. 2016. Response of chicken manure and potassium fertilizer on growth and production of soybean plants. Journal of Agrosamudra Research. 3(2):46-54.
Nurida NL and U Kurnia. 2009. Soil Aggregate Changes in Degraded Ultisol Jasinga Due to Soil Management and Organic Material Application. Journal of Soil and Climate No. 30.
NewsletterPusdatin, 2020. VOLUME 17 No. 11, NOVEMBER EDITION.
Noviani et. al (2018). Contribution of Straw-Biochar Compost in Increasing P-Available, Total BPF Population and Yield of Rice Paddy. Scientific Journal of Isotope and Radiation Applications. Vol. 14 No. 1 June 2018.
Okoro, A. P., B. A. Peta, H. A. Natalie, and S. J. Klara. 2005. The Effects of Organic and Conventional Management Practices on Soil Characteristics, In Particular Aerobic Nitrogen Mineralization. University of Kassel. Germany.
Osman T.H. 2013. Soils Principles, Properties and Management. Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London.
Purnawanto, A. N., Bambang, N. 2003. Test the effectiveness of phosphorus sources and organic fertilizers in groundnut cultivation. Agritech. 5(2).
Putri V.I., Muhklis, and B. Hidayat. 2017. Application of Several Types of Biochar to Improve Ultisol Soil Chemical Properties and Corn Plant Growth. Journal of Agroecotechnology FP USU 5(4): 824-828.
Rahmawati and Khairina, A. 2017. Application of Goat Manure Compost Combination with Chicken Manure Compost in Increasing the Growth and Yield of Elephant Variety Peanut (Arachis hypogeae, L). Journal of UMSB Agriculture Vol.1 No.2.
Rahmianna, Pratiwi, Harnowo, 2015. Cultivation of Groundnut. Monograph of Balitkabi No. 13 Year 2015. Research Center for Planting Various Beans and Tuber. Ministry of Agriculture.
Rosmarkam, A. and Yuwono, N.W. 2002. Soil Fertility Science. Kanisius, Yogyakarta.
Sabran I., Soge Y.P.D., H.I. Wahyudi. 2015. Effect of Chicken Manure at Various Doses on the Growth and Yield of Groundnut (Arachis hypogeae L.) on Entisol Sidera. Journal of Agrotekbis 3(3): 297-302.
Sampurno, M. H., Y. Hasanah and A. Barus. 2016. Growth and production response of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) to the application of biochar and liquid organic fertilizer. Agroecotechnology 4: 2158-2166.
Sebayang, A. M., Damanik, M. M. B., Lubis, K. S. 2015. Application of KCl fertilizer and chicken manure on the availability and uptake of potassium and growth of corn (Zea mays L.) on Inseptisol Kwala Bekala soil. Online Journal of Agroecotechnology. 3(3): 870-875.
Setiawan, A. Y., Murdiono W. E., Islami T. 2018. Effect of Three Types and Doses of Biochar on the Growth and Yield of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Journal of Plant Production Vol. 6 No. 6: 1171 - 1179.
Silalahi JM, Rumambi A, Malcky, Telleng M, Kaunang WB. 2018. Effect of Chicken Manure Application on Sorghum Crops as Feed. Journal of Zootec. 38(2):288.
Simanungkalit, E., Sulistyowati, H. and Santoso, E., 2013.Effect of Chicken Manure Dosage on Growth and Yield of Cayenne Pepper in Peat Soil. Journal of Agricultural Student Science Vol. 2 No. 1.
Singh, B. P., Cowie, A. L. & Smernik, R. J. 2012. Biochar carbon stability in a clayey soil as a function of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. Environ Sci Technol, 46, 11770-8.
Siregar, D. A., Lahay, R. R., Rahmawati, N. 2017. Growth and production response of soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) to rice husk biochar and P fertilizer. Journal of Agroecotechnology. 5(3):722-728.
Solaiman, Z. M and H. M. Anawar. 2015. Aplication of Biochars for Soil Constraints: Challenges and Solutions. Pedosphere, 25(5): 631- 638.
Solawati, Basir M., Kadekoh I., and A.R. Thaha. 2016. Potential of Rice Husk Biochar on Changes in Ph, Ktk, Organic C and Available P in Inceptisol Soil. Journal of Agroland 23 (2): 101 - 109.
Spokas, K.A., KB. Cantell, J.M. Novak, D.W. Archer, J.A. Ippolito, H.P., Collin, A.A.. Boateng, I.M. Lima, M.C. Lamb, A.J. Mc Aloon, R.D. Lentz, and K.A. Nichols. 2012. Biochar: A synthesis of its agronomic impact beyond carbon sequestration. Journal Environ Qual. 41(4): 973 - 989.
Sudarmadji, Slamet, and H. Bambang, Suhardi.2003. Analysis of food and agricultural materials. Liberty, Bogor.
Sukartono and W. H. Utomo. 2012. The Role of Biochar as a Soil Improver in Maize Planting in Semiarid Tropical Sandy Loam Soil of North Lombok. Journal of Buana Sains. 12 (1) : 91-98.
Sumarni, N., Rosliani R, Basuki RS. 2012. Growth response, bulb yield and NPK nutrient uptake of shallot plants to various doses of NPK fertilization on Alluvial soil. J. Hort. 22(4):366-375.
Sumarno. 2012. STATUS OF GROUNDNUT IN INDONESIA. Center for Food Crop Research and Development. Monograph of Balitkabi No. 13.
Supriyadi S. 2008. Organic matter content as a basis for soil management in drylands of Madura. Journal of Embryo 5 (2): 176-183.
Supriadi, D. Soedharma and R.F. Kaswadji. Some aspects of seagrass growth Enhalusacoroides (linn. F) royle in barang lompo island Makassar. Biosfera 23 (1) pp 1-8.
Susilowati, A, 2013. Effect of Chicken Manure and Goat Manure on Productivity of Curly Red Chili (Capsicumannum L.). Dissertation: University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Susilo E., Parwito and H. Pujiwati, "Improvement of Peanut Growth and yield in Ultisol Soil by Application of P and K Fertilizers. Agritepa Journal, pp. 126-137.
Suwardjono. (2001). Effect of Various Types of Manure on the Growth and Production of Groundnut. Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology 2 (20): 5-12.
Syukur, A and N. M. Indah. 2006. Study of the Effect of Providing Various Organic Fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Ginger Plants in Inceptisol Karanganyar. Journal of Soil and Environmental Sciences Vol 6 (2): 124-131.
Tufaila, M, Laksana, DD, and Alam, S. 2014. Application of Chicken Manure Compost to Increase Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.) Yield in Acidic Soil. Journal of Agroteknos Vol. 4 No. 2: 120-127.
Velde and Barre, 2009. Soils, Plants and Clay Minerals Mineral and Biological Interactions. Springer.
Verheijen, F., jefferey, S., bastos, A. C., VanDer Velde, M. &Diafas, I. 2010. Biochar Application to Soils -A Criticial Scientific Review of Effects on Soil Properties, Processes and Functions. JRC-IES, 166.
Walida H., Harahap D.E., and M. Zuhirsyan. 2020. Application of Chicken Manure Fertilizer in Efforts to Rehabilitate Degraded Ultisol Soil of Janji Village. Journal of Agrica Ekstensia 14(1): 75-80.
Widiastuti, M., M., D. and Bonny Lantang. 2017. Training on Biochar Production from Rice Husk Waste Using the Retort Kiln Method. Scientific Journal of Community Service 3(2): 129-35.
Widiowati, Asnah and Sutoyo. 2012. Effect of Biochar and Potassium Fertilizer Use on Leaching and Potassium Uptake in Maize Plants. Buana Sains, 12 (1): 83-90.
Widodo, A. 2014. Effect of various doses of rice husk biochar on the growth and production of carrots (Dacus carota L.) and land kale (Ipomea reptanspoir) cultivated in intercropping. Faculty of Agriculture and Business. Satya Wacana Christian University. Salatiga.
Wijaya R., Damanik M.M.B., and Fauzi. 2017. Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Coconut Coir and Chicken Manure on Potassium Availability and Uptake as well as Maize Plant Growth on Inceptisol Kwala Bekala Soil. Journal of Agroecotechnology 5(2): 249-255.
Yu, L., X. Lu, Y. He, P. C. Brookes, H. Liao and J. Xu. 2016. Combined biochar and nitrogen fertilizer reduces soil acidity and promotes nutrient use efficiency by soybean crop. Soils Sediments 17: 599-610.
Zulkarnain M., Prasetya B., and Soemarno. 2012. Effect of Compost, Manure, and Custom-Bio on Soil Properties, Growth and Yield of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) on Entisol at Ngrangkah-Pawon Farm, Kediri. Journal of Indonesian Green Technology 2(1): 45 -52.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jagro.v9i1.228
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Media Pertanian Published by Faculty of Agriculture, Batanghari University |
